An Acupuncturist’s Approach to Migraines

An Acupuncturist’s Approach to Migraines

By Tim Tanaka

Many people who visit an acupuncturist’s office come with a history of chronic headache. While a headache may sometimes be a warning sign of a more serious medical condition, most types of head pain seen by an acupuncturist are either a tension headache, migraine, or a combination of both.

For migraines, acupuncture depends on whether the patient comes into my office experiencing acute pain or is seeking preventative treatment in between migraine attacks.

Prevention should be the long-term goal. Here I will describe how I approach each situation with acupuncture.

  • Acupuncture during a migraine

Although several studies suggest that acupuncture may offer benefits for migraine prevention, the use of acupuncture for reducing pain during a migraine attack requires further study.

In my clinical practice, I have found acupuncture to be quite helpful for managing the acute pain of mild to moderate migraine attacks.

A typical acupuncture session involves the insertion of fine needles into acupuncture points on the body followed by gentle manipulation of the needles. This promotes blood flow in the tissues through a mechanism known in alternative medicine as the “axon reflex”, which dilates the small vessels around the needle area. An increase in circulation where blood flow is poor is called removal of “stagnation” in Asian medicine and is generally considered a very good response for most chronic conditions and for migraine prevention.

However, this is not the approach I take during a migraine attack. Since pain during a migraine is believed to be associated with dilation of blood vessels in the head, inducing this physiological reaction through the insertion of needles into the head and neck area would not be desirable during an attack.

It may even temporarily worsen the patient’s pain and accompanying symptoms such as nausea.

Instead I minimize activity of the blood vessels in the head and neck during a migraine attack. How is this done? By limiting the acupuncture points selected to those on the arms and legs. The head and neck areas are rarely stimulated to avoid unnecessary dilation of vessels in that area.

In addition, the entire treatment is often done with the patient in sitting position rather than the usual lying position. This is because blood vessels are under greater control in sitting position, minimizing the chance of undesired dilation of the blood vessels following acupuncture. In certain situations, a high frequency (100 Hz) electrical current may be connected to the acupuncture needles to help constrict the blood vessels.

  • Acupuncture for migraine prevention

Emotional stress may trigger migraines in some people. Japanese researchers have found that people living in fast-paced business centers in Tokyo tend to have an imbalance in the autonomic nervous system, specifically, an inhibition of the parasympathetic system that is active during relaxation, and an excitation of the sympathetic nervous system, which governs our response to stress.

This type of imbalance is associated with other health conditions such as heart disease, insomnia, high blood pressure, and premenstrual syndrome.

In order to harmonize the autonomic nervous system, I use a special acupuncture technique called SES. The SES technique involves the shallow insertion of acupuncture needles just to the dermis of the skin, with manual needle stimulation given while the patient is exhaling and in sitting position. This technique was originally studied by professor Kazushi Nishijo of Tsukuba College of Technology in Japan, who found it had positive physiological effects on the nervous system. My recent studies suggest that this acupuncture technique may activate the parasympathetic nervous system and decrease muscle tension. Acupuncture points for this technique are usually chosen on the forearms and lower legs.

Disclaimer: The information contained on this site is intended for educational purposes only and is not a substitute for advice, diagnosis or treatment by a licensed physician. It is not meant to cover all possible precautions, drug interactions, circumstances or adverse effects. You should seek prompt medical care for any health issues and consult your doctor before using alternative medicine or making a change to your regimen.

An imbalance of female hormones is another factor believed to be related to migraine. In my practice, females with migraine outnumber males. Application of indirect heat using moxibustion, a traditional heat treatment that involves gently burning medicinal herbs over the skin on the lower abdomen, low back, and sacral bone may help balance female hormones.

Significant muscle tension in the neck and upper back is common in people with migraines, so reducing this tension is an important part of migraine prevention.

I apply acupuncture needles to points on the patient’s body I find to be sensitive or reactive in order to cause an instantaneous increase in blood flow to those tight muscles. A low frequency electrical current (1 Hz) may be attached to the needles, as the slow repetitive muscle twitching further enhances blood flow in the muscle tissue.

Concluding thoughts

Migraine symptoms can often be severe enough to disable the person from daily activities. Treatment and management of migraine is generally more complicated that that of tension headache. A series of treatments using an individually-designed approach to harmonize a person’s unique physiological balance is essential for the long term success.

Dr. Tim Tanaka is the director of The Pacific Wellness Institute in Toronto and Visiting Research Fellow at the Tsukuba College of Technology, Department of Acupuncture in Japan. He is a licensed acupuncturist in Japan and has been in practice for over ten years. Dr. Tanaka conducted a research study examining the use of a shallow needle insertion technique for tension-type headache, which was published in the International Journal of Neuroscience.